有一种病,3年来始终稳居全国医保住院结算的“榜首”,住院人次累计超过4500万。它就是脑梗,也就是大家常说的缺血性脑中风。
图源:视觉中国
8月7日,国家医保局公布的数据显示:2023-2025年,脑梗医保结算住院人次位居所有疾病之首。
The National Healthcare Security Administration released data on Friday showing that from 2023 to 2025 stroke ranked first among all diseases in terms of inpatient admissions covered by basic medical insurance.
脑梗不是“突然”来的
发病前很多人以为“只是累了”
脑梗是我国居民致残和致死的头号病因。急性脑梗发生前,身体往往会提前拉响警报,很多人却以为“只是累了”。
识别这些预警,就等于为大脑抢回“黄金救治时间”。河北省人民医院副院长郭艺芳2026年在其公众号发文,将这些预警信号分成了三类。
Strokes are a major cause of disability and death in China. Some strokes are preceded by warning signs, which can sometimes be mistaken for fatigue or other minor ailments. Recognizing these signs early can buy precious time for treatment, according to Guo Yifang, a cardiologist and deputy director of Hebei General Hospital in Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, who addressed the topic in a recent public post.
▌第一类:最典型的“报警”信号
这是一个简单有效的快速识别方法,适用于大多数典型情况,请务必记牢!
1——看1张脸:面部不对称,口角歪斜。
2——查2只胳膊:双臂平举10秒钟,有一侧手臂无力、下垂,甚至根本抬不起来。
0——“聆”听语言:突然言语不清、表达困难,或者听不懂别人在说什么。
只要出现以上任何一项异常,别再犹豫,立即拨打120!千万不要抱着“休息一下再看看”的侥幸心理。这个时候,每一分钟都决定着大脑的命运。
The classic warning signs include facial drooping, where one side of the face may appear uneven or the mouth may be crooked; arm weakness, such as when one arm drifts downward or cannot be raised normally; and speech difficulties, including slurred or unclear speech or trouble understanding what others are saying. If any of these signs appear suddenly, call emergency services immediately.
▌第二类:容易被忽视的“非典型”前兆
除了上面这些典型表现,还有一些信号更容易被误诊或忽略,同样需要高度警惕:
① 突如其来的眩晕或剧烈头痛:感觉天旋地转、站不稳,或是从未经历过的剧烈头痛,有时还伴有呕吐——这可能是小脑或脑干缺血的表现。
② 视力突然异常:单眼或双眼视力模糊、眼前发黑、看东西重影,或者感觉某一侧视野突然“缺了一块”。
③ 局部麻木或感觉异常:一侧面部、嘴唇、舌头或肢体出现麻木感、针刺感,好像“半边身体不是自己的”。
④ 平衡失调、走路困难:突然步伐不稳、摇摇晃晃,协调能力明显下降,像喝醉了酒一样。
⑤ 意识模糊或精神突变:极度嗜睡、神志不清,甚至昏迷。也有些患者会突然性格大变、记忆力急剧下降或判断力失常。
Some stroke warning signs are subtler and can easily be mistaken for other conditions. These include sudden dizziness or severe headaches, sudden changes in vision, localized numbness or unusual sensations, difficulty with balance or walking, and confusion or abrupt changes in mental state.
▌第三类:终极预警“小中风”
更要命的是,上述这些症状,如果只持续几分钟或几小时就完全消失了,很多人会以为“好了”“没事了”。请一定记住:这极有可能是“短暂性脑缺血发作”,俗称“小中风”。
它不是“病好了”,而是脑梗发生前最明确、最直接的“最后通牒”,随时可能发展为完全性的、会造成永久残疾甚至夺命的急性脑梗。
What if these symptoms last only a few minutes or hours and then disappear completely? Many people may assume they have recovered, but Guo warns that this could be a transient ischemic attack (TIA), sometimes referred to as a "mini-stroke".
Rather than signaling recovery, a TIA can be an important warning that a stroke may follow. Seeking medical attention promptly can provide an opportunity to identify and address the underlying risk factors.
所以,哪怕症状已经完全消失,也必须立刻就医,查明原因、及时干预,绝不能被“暂时恢复”迷惑。
科学预防脑梗发生
这几类人尤其要当心
如果你是以下人群,请务必把自己当成重点保护对象 :
中老年人群(尤其50岁以上)
高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症患者
有吸烟、酗酒等不良习惯者
肥胖、缺乏运动者
有脑血管病家族史的人
已确诊有冠心病、房颤等心脏疾病者
无论什么季节,脑血管的养护,永远赢在“防”上。 下面这8条实操建议,今天就能做起来↓↓
❶主动喝水,别等渴了再喝
养成定时喝水的习惯,每天保证1500-2000毫升的饮水量;晨起一杯温开水,能有效补充夜间流失的水分,稀释血液;避免一次性大量喝冰水,以免刺激血管和肠胃。
❷饮食清淡,要“三低一高”
遵循“低盐、低脂、低糖、高纤维”原则。多吃新鲜蔬果(如山楂、芹菜、木耳、洋葱),适当摄入鱼类、豆制品等优质蛋白,少吃油腻辛辣食物。
❸适度运动,不疲劳为宜
天气暖和时,可进行散步、慢跑、太极拳等舒缓运动,避开清晨低温时段。强度以微微出汗、不感到疲劳为宜。
Protecting cardiovascular health starts with daily habits. Drink enough water and follow a low-salt, low-fat and low-sugar diet rich in vegetables, fruits, beans and fish, while limiting greasy foods. Regular moderate exercise, such as brisk walking or jogging, can help, but strenuous exercise should be avoided in very cold conditions, particularly early in the morning.
❹天气降温,要护好“两头”
头部散热快,出门戴顶合适的帽子,能有效防止头部受凉引起血管收缩;“寒从脚起”,双脚暖和了,全身血液循环才顺畅。睡前用温水泡脚,是不错的选择。
❺勤测血压,稳住高血压
高血压是脑血管病最重要的危险因素。要加强血压监测,每天定时测量。如果发现血压波动明显,及时咨询医生调整用药,千万不要自己停药或改药。
❻戒烟戒酒,降低发生风险
研究明确显示,每日吸烟量越大,脑梗死风险越高。被动吸烟同样会增加风险。吸烟者应尽早戒烟,不吸烟者也要避开二手烟。饮酒者应尽量减少或戒酒。
❼控制体重,给血管“减负”
超重和肥胖者通过调整饮食、增加运动来减轻体重,不仅有助于降压,也能显著降低脑梗死风险。
❽管好情绪,放松别激动
情绪激动、紧张、焦虑都会让血压骤升。学会自我调节,保持心态平和,对预防脑血管意外同样重要。
Monitor blood pressure regularly and seek medical advice if it fluctuates significantly rather than adjusting medication on your own. Quitting smoking, limiting alcohol, maintaining a healthy weight and managing stress can also help reduce the risk of a stroke.
你今天好好“护脑”了吗?转发提醒!
来源:人民日报健康客户端
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