In the Middle Ages widespread use was made of arguments from analgy,on the belief that the universe formed an ordered structure that the macrocosmic pattern of the whole is reproduced in the microcosmic pattern of parts so that it is possible to draw inferences by analogy from one to the other.

【结构分析】句子的主干为use was made Of arguments from analogy是use的定语。On the belief是介词短语作状语。belief 后面有两个以 that引导的同位语从句: that the universe...和that the microcosmic..of parts so that引导的是一个状语从句,表示结果。

【语法难点】被动语态,同位语从句,状语从句。

【词汇知识】

macrocosmic 宏观世界的;比较:microcosmic 微观世界的

【参考译文】在中世纪,广泛采用类推法的各种论点,这些论点基于下述观念,即宇宙形成一个有次序的结构,整体的宏观格局是部分微观格局的再现,因此,有可能通过类推法做出由此及彼的推断。

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