春节期间,很多地方都有吃“糯唧唧”的习俗,像是谐音“年年高”的年糕,“八方来财”的八宝饭……不仅寓意好,还好看、好吃。
不过,需要注意的是,黏乎乎的糯米食物也是非常“危险”的食物,特别是对于老人、小孩,稍不留神就成了“舌尖上的杀手”!
During Spring Festival, many places have traditions of eating soft, sticky glutinous rice foods. However, these treats can be surprisingly dangerous — especially for the elderly and children.
糯米为什么这么黏?
为什么糯米是黏的,普通大米就不黏呢?主要原因是因为它们淀粉的类型不同。根据结构不同,淀粉主要分为两种:直链淀粉和支链淀粉。
直链淀粉像一条长长的“绳子”,它分叉少、链接更紧密,淀粉酶把它剪成小段比较费时费力,因此直链比例高一些的大米,通常口感更硬一些;
支链淀粉有很多支链,淀粉酶可以从多个角度同时下手剪切,就比较容易切断。支链比例高的,口感更软糯。
The difference in stickiness between glutinous rice and regular rice comes down to the types of starch they contain. Starch is mainly divided into two types: amylose (like a long rope with few branches) and amylopectin (highly branched). The higher the amylopectin ratio, the softer and stickier the texture.
糯米淀粉中支链淀粉占80%以上,直链淀粉较少,所以糯米要比其它米更黏一些,驴打滚、粽子、糍粑、青团等糯米制作成的食物口感也更加黏软。
图源:视觉中国
吃糯米制品这些事情要注意
1.专心吃
糯米类食物口感黏糯,吃的时候一定要专心专注,不要嬉笑、打闹、说话,避免发生哽噎甚至窒息风险,别让美味变成“舌尖上的杀手”。
Eat glutinous rice with full attention — no laughing, joking, or talking while chewing — to avoid choking or suffocation.
2.趁热吃
刚出锅的热糯米饭,消化速度是很快的。之所以很多人会觉得糯米不好消化,一个比较普遍的原因是因为大家放凉了。
研究发现,糯米放凉、冷却后,支链淀粉就会很快地相互连接成致密的结构,黏性和韧性增大,进而影响人体内消化酶的作用、增加消化负担 。因此,糯米食物最好趁热吃,如果放凉了,不妨重新加热透再吃。
When cooled, amylopectin molecules of glutinous rice form a dense structure, increasing stickiness and toughness, which burdens digestion. So enjoy it hot, or reheat thoroughly if cooled.
3.适量吃,不多吃
很多糯米食物还会加肉、蛋黄、蜜枣、豆沙、红糖等馅料、辅料,这就导致很多糯米食物看着个头不大,但能量可不低。比如一个中等大小的粽子热量至少有300千卡,比一碗米饭还要多。因此,糯米食物好吃,也要注意适量,不要吃太多。
Many glutinous rice dishes contain meat, egg yolks or sweet fillings etc. Though small in size, they pack calories. Delicious as they are, be mindful not to overeat.
4.替换其他主食
糯米跟普通大米的营养是差不多的,主要提供能量,因此如果吃糯米食物,一定要减少主食的摄入量,以免能量过剩,造成肥胖、高血糖等疾病。
If eating glutinous rice foods, reduce intake of other staples to avoid excess calories, which can lead to obesity or high blood sugar.
5.特殊人群要慎食
糯米是一种高GI (升糖指数) 食物。 对于糖尿病人群,单日食用量不建议超过50克。另外,老年人、儿童和心血管病患者、肠胃消化功能较弱者都应少量食用。
Glutinous rice has a high glycemic index. For diabetics, daily intake should not exceed 50 grams. The elderly, children, those with cardiovascular disease or weak digestion should also eat sparingly.
来源:光明网、科普中国
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