2011年,Babunashvil等报道经鼻烟窝部远端桡动脉入径(distal transradialartery access, dTRA)逆向开通近段闭塞桡动脉的2例患者 [1] ,将dTRA首次引入介入领域。2017年Kiemeneij等的临床研究证实了dTRA介入治疗的安全性和可行性 [2] ,研究认为该位置具有较多的骨性结构,利于穿刺点定位及术后压迫止血,然而,该部位血管走行迂曲,传统体表定位法穿刺置管难度大,因此本篇我们将介绍超声引导下dTRA穿刺置管。
1
与传统桡动脉穿刺对比
穿刺禁忌症:严重外周血管疾病、凝血功能障碍、局部感染等。
Allen 试验: Allen 试验在 dTRA 中的应用价值尚无定论, Allen 试验阳性患者是否可行 dTRA穿刺 有待于进一步研究证实。
2
解剖学
1.远端桡动脉的解剖特点
桡动脉行至桡骨茎突处发出掌浅支与尺动脉末端吻合成掌浅弓,后延续为桡动脉背支(图1),斜过拇长展肌和拇短伸肌腱深面由手掌侧转向手背侧进入解剖学鼻烟窝,穿第1、2掌骨间隙入手掌深部(图2),分出拇主要动脉后,即与尺动脉掌深支吻合成掌深弓。
(图1)
(图2)
2.鼻烟壶解剖区域
位置:位于手背外侧部的浅凹。
边界:
桡侧界为拇长展肌腱和拇短伸肌腱;
尺侧界为拇长伸肌腱
近侧界为桡骨茎突;
壶底为手舟骨和大多角骨。
(经远端桡动脉行冠状动脉介入诊疗中国专家共识[J]. 中国介入心脏病学杂志, 2020)
3.合谷穴解剖区域
位置:合谷穴与第1、2掌 骨围成的区域
分支:拇主要动脉,示指桡侧动脉
(经远端桡动脉行冠状动脉介入诊疗中国专家共识[J]. 中国介入心脏病学杂志, 2020)
3
超声引导下dTRA穿刺置管
1.操作前准备
设备:22G动脉穿刺针、高频线阵超声探头
药物: 2%利多卡因
辅助:注射器、无菌手套、无菌包、消毒剂 。
2.穿刺手摆放
患者平卧位,手呈休息位,即腕关节轻度屈曲10°~15°并有10°~30°尺偏;掌指关节、指间关节呈半屈状态,从示指到小指,屈曲角度逐渐增大,各指尖指向腕舟骨结节;拇指轻度外展,指腹接近或触及示指近节指间关节。穿刺时患者拇指握于掌心内或手握无菌纱布,使得鼻烟窝及合谷穴解剖区域更为平坦,便于穿刺 [2,10,11] 。
3.穿刺操作
穿刺点定位
鼻烟窝及合谷穴解剖区域触摸搏动最强的位置为穿刺点。
第1掌骨和第2掌骨交汇处的“径向顶点”作为dTRA穿刺的骨性定位标志。
Ⅱ.超声定位
使用超声明确远端桡动脉的走向,从手背第一掌骨间隙到鼻烟壶区域,对桡动脉进行扫描,确定安全的穿刺位置,避免损伤周围结构。
超声图像与解剖的对应关系。从第一掌骨间隙 (图A) 开始,向鼻烟壶区域移动(图B-C)。R:远端桡动脉;FEB:第一掌骨;SEB:第二掌骨;Ti:小角骨;TRA:大角骨;S:舟状骨;R’:桡动脉及分支。
4
实战案例
视频:dTRA穿刺过程
作者简介
参考文献
[1]BABUNASHVILI A, DUNDUA D. Recanalization and reuse of early occluded radial artery within 6 days after previous transradial diagnostic procedure[J]. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions: Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions, 2011, 77(4): 530-536.
[2]KIEMENEIJ F. Left distal transradial access in the anatomical snuffbox for coronary angiography (ldTRA) and interventions (ldTRI)[J]. EuroIntervention: Journal of EuroPCR in Collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2017, 13(7): 851-857.
[3]AOI S, HTUN W W, FREEO S, 等. Distal transradial artery access in the anatomical snuffbox for coronary angiography as an alternative access site for faster hemostasis[J]. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions: Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions, 2019, 94(5): 651-657.
[4]MIZUGUCHI Y, IZUMIKAWA T, HASHIMOTO S, 等. Efficacy and safety of the distal transradial approach in coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention: a Japanese multicenter experience[J]. Cardiovascular Intervention and Therapeutics, 2020, 35(2): 162-167.
[5]VEFALI V, SARIÇAM E. The Comparison of Traditional Radial Access and Novel Distal Radial Access for Cardiac Catheterization[J]. Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine: Including Molecular Interventions, 2020, 21(4): 496-500.
[6]DAVIES R E, GILCHRIST I C. Back hand approach to radial access: The snuff box approach[J]. Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine: Including Molecular Interventions, 2018, 19(3 Pt B): 324-326.
[7]KOUTOUZIS M, KONTOPODIS E, TASSOPOULOS A, 等. Distal Versus Traditional Radial Approach for Coronary Angiography[J]. Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine, 2019, 20(8): 678-680.
[8]SGUEGLIA G A, DI GIORGIO A, GASPARDONE A, 等. Anatomic Basis and Physiological Rationale of Distal Radial Artery Access for Percutaneous Coronary and Endovascular Procedures[J]. JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, 2018, 11(20): 2113-2119.
[9]LEE J W, PARK S W, SON J W, 等. Real-world experience of the left distal transradial approach for coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention: a prospective observational study (LeDRA)[J]. EuroIntervention: Journal of EuroPCR in Collaboration with the Working Group on Interventional Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology, 2018, 14(9): e995-e1003.
[10]DAVIES R E, GILCHRIST I C. Dorsal (Distal) Transradial Access for Coronary Angiography and Intervention[J]. Interventional Cardiology Clinics, 2019, 8(2): 111-119.
[11]经远端桡动脉行冠状动脉介入诊疗中国专家共识[J]. 中国介入心脏病学杂志, 2020, 28(12): 667-674.

