2023年3月25日至26日，在北京国家会议中心和北京京西学校成功举办。这是京领主办的第三届诺奖创新论坛。在此次论坛中，京领坚持以创新为主题与基调，携手全球知名学者和教育领导者，与诺贝尔经济学奖得主、哈佛大学校级教授、剑桥大学副校长、全国知名国际学校校长们齐聚一堂，畅谈国际化创新人才培养，共话国际教育升级发展。
在京领诺奖创新论坛暨全球国际学校颁奖典礼上，京领隆重邀请诺贝尔经济学奖得主、哈佛大学校级教授马斯金院士进行开幕致辞。
Prof Maskin
马斯金教授
诺贝尔经济学奖得主
哈佛大学校级教授
美国国家科学院院士
美国艺术与科学院院士
2007年，马斯金教授因创建和发展“机制设计理论”，获得诺贝尔经济学奖。在本次京领诺奖创新论坛中，马斯金教授结合亲身经历以“如何培养创新思维”为主题进行致辞。
在此，京领独家放送马斯金教授的精彩演讲，以飨读者。
嘉宾演讲
以下是马斯金教授的演讲内容：
大家好！我是马斯金，哈佛大学经济学和数学教授，2007年诺贝尔经济学奖得主。在此，我先向所有获奖的学生和国际学校表示祝贺。他们的努力与付出，使得他们在刚刚公布的国际学校榜单中获得认可，热烈祝贺！
今天我想花几分钟来谈一谈：为什么学生和国际学校所付出的努力如此重要。
01
创新，带来社会的增长与繁荣
从许多经济学的研究中，我们能够了解到：经济增长和繁荣的主要源泉是创新。从20世纪50年代诺奖得主罗伯特·索罗（Robert·Solo）开创性的工作开始，我们就能学习到：如果社会投资于创新，社会就会发展和繁荣，人民就会富裕；如果社会不投资于创新，那么社会就不会发展，人民也会因此受苦。
一个多世纪以来，在美国，这个曾经世界上发展最快的经济体，它之所以成为世界上最富有的国家，也是因为创新，在创新方面的极大投资。而现在，从二十世纪后半叶到二十一世纪，中国接替美国成为了世界上经济增长最快的主要经济体，以及世界第二大经济体。这是怎么发生的呢？同样也是因为创新。因为中国社会认识到了培育和投资创新的重要性。创新，带来了经济的增长与繁荣。
02
教育，是最重要的创新投资
那么，如果你想让你的国家变得具有创新性，你应该进行什么样的投资来促进这种创新呢? 我认为，教育是最重要的投资。也就是说，创新投资，在于学校与大学里。
为什么要投资教育? 因为，如果你要在科学、技术或工业领域进行创新，你必须处于这些领域的前沿，了解这些领域中已经积累的知识与智慧。而有学习到了领域中的知识，你才能知道如何站在领域前沿——这也正是教育的作用。教育为潜在的创新者提供了领域中具有创新可能性的知识，并将潜在的创新者带到已知的前沿。这样，那些潜在创新者才能超越现有的知识、发现新事物、实现创新。
03
创新思维是好奇心驱动的思维
而或许，比知识更加重要的，是教会学生如何以一种创新性的方式思考。这是一种求知若渴，迎难而上的思维；这是一种不断批判与挑战传统行为方式、不断更新传统行为方式的思维。
同时，创新思维是好奇心驱动的思维。如果你被自己的好奇心所引导，你就有可能提出别人未曾提出过的创新观点。而要事先知道什么想法会使得创新发生并非易事。但不论这些想法是什么，发现这些想法的人首先都具有好奇心。是好奇心，驱使他们开始了对问题答案的找寻。
我想举一个爱因斯坦与相对论的例子。20世纪初，爱因斯坦拒绝接受过去几个世纪以来物理学中关于光与重力的答案。因此，在思考了这些深刻问题很多年之后，他提出了相对论——这一令科学界举世瞩目的创新理论。他并不是为了商业世界而做这件事，也并不是出于个人的财富目标而做这件事。他被引导到这个领域、发现这些重要问题的答案，完全是因为他的好奇心。
事实证明，他的发现，即相对论，是我们现代技术的关键。大家都知道全球定位系统GPS，这一系统能够在地球上几乎任何地方为我们提供向导，引导我们走向目的地。而如果没有相对论，GPS系统就不可能出现。我们需要利用相对论对全球坐标进行修正，以使得这些坐标足够准确。然而，在相对论最初被提出时，没有人能够预见到他将为人类社会带来怎样的变化。
最重要的是，爱因斯坦接受过教育，能够自由地思考，从而提出相对论。这也是为什么学校与教育如此重要：教育，给学生传授知识；教育，能够引导学生对他们感兴趣的问题进行创造性和创新性的思考。
04
良师引导，迈向未来
我想要举一个我自己的例子。一开始，我学习了很多年的数学，并想要在数学学科中有所作为。然而在偶然的情况下，我遇见了一位非常有启发性的经济学导师，也就是我后来的博士导师：肯尼斯·阿罗 (1972年诺贝尔经济学奖得主) 。他讨论的问题非常吸引我，那些想法让我对尚未得到解答的问题充满了好奇。而也正是他，引导了我向经济学的方向发展。所以，我最终走上了经济学研究的道路，或多或少也恰是因为遇到了一位能给我带来启发的老师。
我想，你们之中有很多学生也会碰到给你们带来启发的良师。他们的角色是至关重要的。最终，他们可能会激励你们——未来的创新者们——并将你的想法贡献给下一代，向前迈进。
最后，让我再次祝贺获奖的国际学校们！对于你们目前为止取得的成就，希望你们能保持继续这样的努力与成功。
English Version
Hello everyone. I'm Maskin, professor of economics and mathematics at Harvard University and 2007 Nobel Laureate in Economics. And I would like to offer my congratulations to all the students and to all the schools whose hard work led to their being recognized on the international school rankings that have just recently been announced. Many congratulations on that.
And I'd like to spend a few minutes today explaining why all that hard work that your students and your schools have put in is so important.
01
Innovation Leads To Growth
And Prosperity
The first thing I want to say is that the main source of economic growth and prosperity is innovation. And we know this from many economic studies going back to the groundbreaking work of Nobel Laureate Robert Solo in the 1950s. That is, societies that invest in innovation grow and prosper, and their people prosper. And societies that don't make this investment in innovation, do not grow and their people suffer as results.
For over a century, the United States, my country was the fastest growing economy in the world, and it became the richest country in the world because of innovation and because of the investment that the U.S. made in innovation. Now, in the last part of the 20th century, going into the 21st century, China took over as the fastest growing major economy and it now the second biggest economy in the world. And how did this happen? Well again, it was because of innovation. Because the Chinese society recognized how importance, cultivating and investing in innovation is. And innovation leads to growth and prosperity.
02
Education Is The Most
Important Investment
So if you want your country to be innovative, what sort of investment should you be making to promote this innovation? I would argue that the most important investment you can make is in education. That is, in schools and universities.
Why is this? If you're going to make an innovation in science, or in technology or in industry, you have to be at the cutting edge of those fields. You have to be at the frontier. And how can you know what the accumulated wisdom is in those fields? What is already known in those fields? Unless you learn that. And that's the function of schools and universities. They give potential innovators the knowledge about the fields where innovation is possible to take those innovators to the frontier of what is already now, so that those potential innovators can move beyond existing knowledge and discover new things.
03
Innovative Thinking Is
Curiosity Driven Thinking
But perhaps even more important than knowledge, teaching students how to think is a way that encourages innovation. What sort of thinking is that? It's thinking that is always looking for answers to hard and interesting questions. Thinking that doesn't necessarily except the old way of doing things and challenges the old ways to see whether some sort of improvement can be made.
And above all, innovative thinking is curiosity driven thinking. You are most likely to come up with an innovative idea, something that someone hasn't already thought of if you were led to that idea by your own curiosity. It's not always easy to tell in advance what ideas are going to lead to the most important innovations. But whatever those ideas are, it's likely that they were thought of in the first place because the person who discovered them was driven to find answers to difficult questions because that person was curious.
I like to give the example of Einstein and the theory of relativity. Einstein, in the early 20th century, didn't accept the answers that centuries of physics was giving us about the way that light behaves and the way that gravity behaves. And after thinking about these deep problems concerning lights and gravity for a number of years, he came up with a theory of relativity, which was an astounding and innovative achievement within science. He was not led to it because he thought it would change the business world. He was not led to it because he thought it would make him rich. He was led to it because he was curious, and he wanted to find out the answers to these important questions.
But it turned out that his discovery, the theory of relativity, is key to some of our most important modern technology. You all know about Global Positioning Systems, systems which allow you to navigate, almost any place on Earth. And often, they are critical to taking you or directing you toward the destination that you're seeking. While Global Positioning Systems would not have been possible without the theory of relativity. You need to make corrections to global coordinates using the theory of relativity in order for those coordinates to be sufficiently accurate. But there was no way that anyone could foresee, when the theory of relativity was discovered, how important it would be.
What was important was that Einstein had the education and the freedom of thought to come up with the theory of relativity. And that is why schools are so important, because they impart knowledge, and they also induce students to think creatively and innovative way about the problems that interest students.
04
A Good Teacher Matters,
Steps Forward
I'll just give one personal example. I started out thinking that I wanted to have a career in mathematics and I studied math for years. But almost by accident, I came across a very inspiring economics teacher who later became my PhD adviser, Kenneth Arrow, who moved me toward the direction of economics. Why did I go in that direction? Because I found the ideas that Arrow was discussing to be captivating. And those ideas led me to be curious about ideas that hadn't already been answered. And so, I ended up going into, economics, more or less, through the accidents of meeting an inspiring teacher.
I imagine many of you students have inspiring teachers too, and their role is critically important. And ultimately, they may be inspiring you, the innovators of the future, to contribute your ideas to the next generation, steps forward.
So let me congratulate the students, the schools once again on your accomplishment so far. Let me also encourage you to keep up the good work.
Thank you.
论坛回顾
在诺奖得主、院士教授，以及全球国际学校校长和国际学校家庭的见证下，京领诺奖创新论坛暨全球国际学校颁奖典礼成功举办。
京领重磅发布的系列榜单极具影响力、专业性，获得全球知名学者、国际学校领导者、国际教育从业者的高度认可，成为广大家庭的重要参考。
京领作为高端国际化教育资源与服务平台，世界国际化学校排名评价、品牌传媒、科研教育推动者，将持续、深入地对中国国际学校竞争力水平进行研究与分析，深度挖掘国际学校特色，优化评价标准，推动行业升级，促进国际化创新人才培养。
京领将于2024年3月31日举办第四届京领诺奖创新论坛，有意向参与此次论坛的学校、家长可扫描下方二维码进行报名。
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