《西游记》是几代中国人的童年回忆,暑假里没有它的陪伴是不完整的。作为一部史诗巨著(epic),它在国际上的影响有多深远?

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中国日报外籍记者老衲 (Nathan Williams)最近学习了《西游记》和基于原著的各种花式改编,结果立刻“路转粉”了。

在老衲眼中,“孙悟空简直太狂拽酷炫了”,可以称得上是流行文化中超级英雄角色的“老炮儿”。而且整个英雄阵容令人拍案叫绝,是很多影视、动漫甚至游戏作品的灵感来源。

一起来看看外籍记者

对《西游记》的疯狂安利

初世代的英雄故事

《西游记》是中国古代著名的神魔小说之一,由明代吴承恩所著。在成书之前,该故事已是民间传统文学的一部分,以口头故事、中篇小说和短剧的形式代代传播。而吴承恩对其的延伸和丰富,更让《西游记》脍炙人口,成为了中国古代四大名著之一。

The story itself was already a part of Chinese folk and literary tradition in the form of colloquial stories, a poetic novelette, and a six-part drama when Wu Chengen formed it into his long and richly humorous novel.

故事设定在公元六世纪,僧人唐三藏(Buddhist monk)被委以重任,要将古老的佛教经文从西天带到中国,启迪普罗大众(enlighten the masses)。

然而在旅途之初,他的两个护卫就被妖怪杀死,幸而一位佛祖的化身 (avatar)为他找到了三个徒弟 (disciples)。而他们,就是小伙伴们熟知的孙悟空、猪八戒和沙悟净。

“白龙马,蹄朝西,驮着唐三藏带着仨徒弟”的西天取经之路就此拉开帷幕。

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老衲说,虽然这类情节和套路现在很常见,但在当时,《西游记》是有着开创先河的意义的。

I bet you can think of a gazillion stories with the structure, but back in the day—this fellowship, well they were the O.G. heroes. 我敢打赌你们可以联想到许许多多结构相似的故事,但在当时,这种师徒同行的情节很少见,他们可谓是初世代的英雄。

人物设定

① 唐三藏(Tang Sanzang/Tripitaka)

唐僧是一个美男子,“丰姿英伟,相貌轩昂。齿白如银砌,唇红口四方”。同时,他更为人所知的特点就是慈悲为怀。作为英雄阵容中的领导者,他虽然是个没有武力的凡人,却能够通过自身道德感和同情心引导徒弟们。

Tang Sanzang is a spiritual character who is pure of heart, naive and is the moral compass and compassionate leader of his group of Gods.

之所以师徒四人会遇到“九九八十一难”,其中一个原因就是吃了唐僧肉可以长生不老(live as long as heaven and earth),令妖怪们垂涎眼馋。这一点从小妖和大王的对话中就可以看出来:

大王,外面是个和尚哩,团头大面,两耳垂肩,嫩刮刮的一身肉,细娇娇的一张皮,且是好个和尚! A monk, Your Majesty. He has a large face and a round head, and his ears hang down to his shoulders. His flesh looks most tender and his skin extremely delicate. He's a very promising monk.

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② 孙悟空(Sun Wukong/The Monkey King)

孙悟空可谓是《西游记》“二创”中的顶流,从国内到国外,从影视剧到动漫游戏,都有着他的身影。连老衲自己都坦白说,最想成为的角色就是美猴王,能够斩妖除魔、改写生死簿(the Book of the Dead),谁能不羡慕呢?

Born from a stone and possesses supernatural powers through Taoist teachings, he can transform into different objects and animals. He's a skilled martial artist and he has a magical staff. And he rides a magical cloud. 孙悟空是从石头缝里蹦出来的。他师从道教,习得一身通天本领,可以变化成各种物体和动物。他不仅功夫了得,还有一只神奇的金箍棒,乘筋斗云、来去自如。

③ 沙悟净(Sha Wujing/Sandy)

在很多小伙伴心中,记忆最深刻的是喊着“大师兄,师傅被妖怪抓走了!”的沙师弟。但沙悟净也可以是一个相当炫酷的英雄人物。

In the original text, Wujing was quite a dangerous water spirit who would kill humans and wear their skulls as a necklace. His intellect, strength and magical staff are his best weapons in a battle. 在最初的神话传说中,悟净是一个相当危险的水怪,他会夺人性命,并把他们的骷髅串成项链佩戴。沙悟净的智慧、力量和降妖宝杖,是他在战斗中最好的武器。

④ 猪八戒(Zhu Bajie/Pigsy)

八戒本是八万天兵天将的统帅,因为调戏月宫仙女嫦娥落得被赶出天庭的下场。被贬人间后,他成了一个半猪半人的怪物,好吃懒做,时常无法把控自己的七情六欲。

Zhu Bajie was a commander-in-chief of 80,000 Heavenly Navy Soldiers until he, like Sha Wujing, was cast out of heaven for indulging in his lustful desire after the Moon Goddess. On Earth, he is a half-pig half-man creature who loves food and often gives in to his base desires.

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猪八戒的性格,从大师兄的台词中也可见一斑:

“呆子啊!师父教你化斋,许你在此睡觉的?” You idiot, who said you could sleep here instead of begging for food as our master told you?

《西游记》影响有多大

老衲表示,“我小时候一直想成为热门日本动画片《七龙珠Z》(Dragon Ball Z)中的悟空”,来中国学习了《西游记》才发现,悟空(Goku)的原型原来是孙悟空。

Goku is definitely based on Sun Wukong, which actually translates to Sun Goku in Japanese! Characters are almost carbon copies of Journey to the West characters. Bulma is obviously Tang Sanzang. Oolong is Zhu Bajie. 《龙珠》中的悟空绝对是以孙悟空为原型。当中的主要人物也几乎是《西游记》几大主角的翻版,布尔玛显然是唐三藏,乌龙就是猪八戒。

此外,《宠物小精灵》中从小火焰猴、猛火猴到烈焰猴的进化,《数码宝贝》中的悟空兽、猪八戒兽和沙悟净兽,甚至还有《我的世界》中的孙悟空同款皮肤,都少不了《西游记》的灵感启发。

《西游记》对流行文化的影响还有很多,比如科幻美剧《穷山恶水》(Into the Badlands)在人物和剧情上,也都对《西游记》有所借鉴。

而更多的创作者也在通过不同的媒介,以《西游记》故事为灵感,编织出了属于自己的英雄史诗。

美剧《穷山恶水》

The influence that Journey to the West has had on pop culture is quite incredible and the story and the characters across so many mediums have inspired artists and creators to dream up their own epic tales of heroism.

《西游记》经典台词英译

最后,让我们一起来复习一遍“刻进DNA”里的名台词吧。译文来自余国藩译本。

  • 俺乃是五百年前大闹天宫的齐天大圣孙悟空!

    I'm Sun Wukong, the Great Sage Equaling Heaven who made havoc in Heaven five hundred years ago.

  • 小的们,老孙回来了!

    Little ones, I'm back.

  • 悟空,救我!

    Rescue me, Wukong.

  • 贫僧从东土大唐而来,去往西天取经。

    I am a priest from the Tang country in the East, and I am going to the Western Heaven to ask for holy scriptures.

  • 我叫你一声,你敢答应我么?

    Do you have the guts to answer if I call your name?

  • 大王叫我来巡山!

    His Majesty sent me to patrol the mountains.

  • 你这泼猴,又胡说!

    Impudent ape, talking nonsense again!

  • 妖精!哪里走!

    Evil spirit, where do you think you're going?

  • 你是猴子请来的救兵么?

    Hey! Are you reinforcements sent for by Monkey?

  • 大圣,收了神通罢。

    Great Sage, give your magic powers a rest.

记者:Nathan Williams

编辑:焦洁 左卓

实习生:李睿

来源:中国日报 Britannica 今日中国