据英国路透社报道,当地时间20日,随着欧洲确诊和疑似猴痘病例超过100例,世界卫生组织确认于当日就猴痘召开紧急会议。

The World Health Organization was holding an emergency meeting on Friday to discuss the recent outbreak of monkeypox, a viral infection more common to west and central Africa, after over 100 cases were confirmed or suspected in Europe.

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世卫组织 资料图

▌多国相继报告发现猴痘确诊病例

据路透社,目前,包括英国、西班牙、葡萄牙、德国、意大利、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚在内的多国相继报告猴痘病例。

In what Germany described as the largest outbreak in Europe ever, cases have been reported in at least nine countries – Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom - as well as the United States, Canada and Australia.

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多国相继报告猴痘病例!世卫组织召开紧急会议

报道称,猴痘一般通过密切接触传播,症状主要包括发热、皮疹等。

此前,该病毒的传播范围未曾超过非洲,因此,此次多国爆发病例引起广泛关注。但由于猴痘病毒并不像新冠病毒那样易于传播,科学家并不认为猴痘会发展成类似新冠的大流行。

First identified in monkeys, the disease typically spreads through close contact and has rarely spread outside Africa, so this series of cases has triggered concern. However, scientists do not expect the outbreak to evolve into a pandemic like COVID-19, given the virus does not spread as easily as SARS-COV-2.

20日下午,世卫组织在社交媒体官方账号上发文称,目前,共有11个此前通常未发生猴痘的国家和地区报告相关病例。世卫正与这些国家和其他国家一道,加强监控,为其提供指导。目前全世界共报告80例猴痘病例,50例疑似病例。世卫组织表示,污名化是绝对不可取的,将会成为疫情结束的障碍。

▌什么是猴痘?

猴痘是一种病毒性人畜共患病,猴痘病毒可通过密切接触由动物传染给人。人感染猴痘的初期症状包括发烧( fever)、头痛(headaches)、肌肉酸痛(muscle aches)、背痛、淋巴结肿大(swollen lymph nodes)等,之后可发展为面部和身体大范围皮疹( rash with blisters)。多数感染者会在几周内康复,但也有感染者会出现严重疾病。

Monkeypox typically presents clinically with fever, rash and swollen lymph nodes and may lead to a range of medical complications. It is usually a self-limited disease with the symptoms lasting from 2 to 4 weeks. Severe cases can occur.

成熟猴痘病毒(左)和未成熟病毒粒子(右) 电子显微镜图像。图源:央视新闻

▌猴痘病毒如何传播?

猴痘病毒的主要传播方式是通过直接接触到受感染的动物的血液、体液、皮肤或黏膜伤口。

人类之间的二次传播主要由于密切接触了感染者的呼吸道分泌物、皮肤损伤,或被患者体液或病变组织污染的物品(如患者皮疹破裂后流出的液体沾染的衣物、床单等)。猴痘病毒能在呼吸道飞沫中存在,但通常需要长时间面对面接触才能传播。

Monkeypox is transmitted to humans through close contact with an infected person or animal, or with material contaminated with the virus. Monkeypox virus is transmitted from one person to another by close contact with lesions, body fluids, respiratory droplets and contaminated materials such as bedding.

▌如何预防猴痘病毒?

因为猴痘病毒和天花病毒同属一个病毒家族,针对天花病毒的疫苗对猴痘病毒也有保护效力,接种天花疫苗对预防“猴痘”的效果约为85%。常见的家用消毒剂可以杀死猴痘病毒。照顾患者时建议穿上防护装备。

记者:李雪晴

编辑:李金昳

来源:路透社 央视新闻 世卫组织 国家应急广播