曹 植《洛神赋》
Ode to the Goddess of the Luo River
By Cao Zhi
【原文】
黄初三年，余朝京师，还济洛川。古人有言：“斯水之神，名曰宓妃。”感宋玉对楚王神女之事，遂作斯赋。其词曰：
【双语译】
黄初三年，我来到京都朝觐，归渡洛水。古人曾说此水之神名叫宓妃。因有感于宋玉对楚王所说的神女之事，于是作了这篇赋。
In the third year of Huang Chu, I came to Capital for pilgrimage and crossed the Luoshui River. Ancients once said that the River’s god name was Bifei. I wrote this ode because interested in what Song Yu told Chu Lord about the goddess.
【原文】
赋文云：
余从京域，言归东藩，背伊阙，越轘辕，经通谷，陵景山。日既西倾，车殆马烦。尔乃税驾乎蘅皋，秣驷乎芝田，容与乎阳林，流眄乎洛川。于是精移神骇，忽焉思散，俯则未察，仰以殊观。睹一丽人，于岩之畔。乃援御者而告之曰：“尔有觌于彼者乎？彼何人斯？若此之艳也！”御者对曰：“臣闻河洛之神，名曰宓妃，然则君王所见，无乃是乎？其状若何，臣愿闻之。”
【双语译】
赋文如下：
我从京都洛阳出发，向东回归封地鄄城，背朝伊阙，越过轘辕，途经通谷，登上景山。这时日已西下，车困马乏。于是就在长满杜蘅草的岸边卸了车，在生着芝草的地里喂马。自己则漫步于阳林，纵目眺望水波浩渺的洛川。于是精神恍惚，思绪飘散。低头时还没有看见什么，一抬头，却发现了异常的景象，只见一个绝妙佳人，立于山岩之旁。我不禁拉着身边的车夫对他说：“你看见那个人了吗？那是什么人，竟如此艳丽！”车夫回答说：“臣听说河洛之神的名字叫宓妃，然而现在君王所看见的，莫非就是她！她的形状怎样，臣倒很想听听。”
It reads as follows:
I started, from Luoyang, the Capital, on the way east back to the fief Juancheng, with back to Yique, crossed Zhuan Yuan, via Tonggu, and climbed up Jingshan. Then the sun was setting west, with chariot weary and horses tired. So the chariot was unloaded on the shore, full of duheng grass, horses fed in a field of cheese grass. I myself strolled in Yanglin, overlooking the boundless Luochuan. So I was feeling spirit of trance and thoughts wandering. With head lowered, nothing was seen, but I looked up to find a scene unusual. I saw a beauty of wonder, standing beside the hilly rock. I could not help pulling the charioteer beside me and said to him, “Do you see that? What is that, so beautiful?” He replied, “I have heard that the name of the goddess of Heluo was Bifei. But is it Bifei that Your Lord saw? And what shape she had, I would like to hear.”
【原文】
余告之曰：“其形也，翩若惊鸿，婉若游龙，荣曜秋菊，华茂春松。仿佛兮若轻云之蔽月，飘飖兮若流风之回雪。远而望之，皎若太阳升朝霞；迫而察之，灼若芙蕖出渌波。秾纤得衷，修短合度，肩若削成，腰如约素。延颈秀项，皓质呈露，芳泽无加，铅华弗御。云髻峨峨，修眉联娟，丹唇外朗，皓齿内鲜。明眸善睐，靥辅承权，瑰姿艳逸，仪静体闲。柔情绰态，媚于语言。奇服旷世，骨象应图。披罗衣之璀粲兮，珥瑶碧之华琚。戴金翠之首饰，缀明珠以耀躯。践远游之文履，曳雾绡之轻裾，微幽兰之芳蔼兮，步踟蹰于山隅。于是忽焉纵体，以遨以嬉。左倚采旄，右荫桂旗。攘皓腕于神浒兮，采湍濑之玄芝。
【双语译】
我告诉他说：她的形影，翩然若惊飞的鸿雁，婉约若游动的蛟龙。容光焕发如秋日下的菊花，体态丰茂如春风中的青松。她时隐时现像轻云笼月，浮动飘忽似回风旋雪。远而望之，明洁如朝霞中升起的旭日；近而视之，鲜丽如绿波间绽开的新荷。
I told him, saying, “Her shape was light as that of a startled flying swan goose, and graceful as a swimming dragon. Her face was radiant as an autumn chrysanthemum, with body luxuriant as a pine in spring breeze. She was now seen and then hidden like the moon caged in light clouds, floating like snow whirled in returning wind. Looked at from far away, it was bright and clean as the rising sun in the morning clouds. Looked at close, it was bright as a new lotus blooming between green waves.
她体态适中，高矮合度，肩窄如削，腰细如束，秀美的颈项露出白皙的皮肤。既不施脂，也不敷粉，发髻高耸如云，长眉弯曲细长，红唇鲜润，牙齿洁白，一双善于顾盼的闪亮的眼睛，两个面颧下甜甜的酒窝。她姿态优雅妩媚，举止温文娴静，情态柔美和顺，语辞得体可人。
She was of the right height, with shoulders as narrow as a trim, waist as thin as a girdle, and fair neck showing skin white. She wore neither fat nor powder, her hair bun tall as cloud, her eyebrows long and curved; her red lips fresh, her teeth white, her eyes shining and good at glancing left and right, and a dimple under either cheek sweet. She was graceful and charming, gentle and submissive in manner, and agreeable in words.
洛神服饰奇艳绝世，风骨体貌与图上画的一样。她身披明丽的罗衣，带着精美的佩玉。头戴金银翡翠首饰，缀以周身闪亮的明珠。她脚著饰有花纹的远游鞋，拖着薄雾般的裙裾，隐隐散发出幽兰的清香，在山边徘徊倘佯。忽然又飘然轻举，且行且戏，左面倚着彩旄，右面有右面有桂旗庇荫，在河滩上伸出素手，采撷水流边的黑色芝草。
The Lou goddess was magnificent, her physical appearance, the same as that painted on pictures. She was dressed in a bright robe, wearing a delicate jade. She was wearing gold, silver and jade jewelry, decorated with shining pearls. Her feet were decorated with a decorative pattern of shoes. She, wearing a skirt like mist, sending out a faint fragrance of orchid, wandering beside the hill. She then burst into gentle deeds, playing over walking, leaning left on colored yaks and right shadowed by laurel flag. On beach of the river, she reached out bare hands, gathering black mozzanine from the water-edge.
【原文】
余情悦其淑美兮，心振荡而不怡，无良媒以接欢兮，托微波而通辞。愿诚素之先达兮，解玉佩以要之。嗟佳人之信修兮，羌习礼而明诗，抗琼珶以和予兮，指潜渊而为期。执眷眷之款实兮，惧斯灵之我欺，感交甫之弃言兮，怅犹豫而狐疑。收和颜而静志兮，申礼防以自持。
【双语译】
我钟情于她的淑美，不觉心旌摇曳而不安。因为没有合适的媒人去说情，只能借助微波来传递话语。但愿自己真诚的心意能先于别人陈达，我解下玉佩向她发出邀请。
I was in deep love with her beauty, feeling my mind fluttering and uneasy. As there was no suitable matchmaker to intercess, words could only be transmitted through microwaves. Hoping my sincere heart to be stated and understood before others, I had jade worn taken off to have her invited.
可叹佳人实在美好，既明礼义又善言辞，她举着琼玉向我作出回答，并指着深深的水流以为期待。我怀着眷眷之诚，又恐受这位神女的欺骗。因有感于郑交甫曾遇神女背弃诺言之事，心中不觉惆怅、犹豫和迟疑，于是敛容定神，以礼义自持。
How wonderful the beauty! She was both polite and righteous, good at words as well. In reply to me, she had pure jade held up and pointed to deep water currents, to have her expectation expressed. With sentimental sincerity, I feared to be by this goddess deceived. Aware of Zheng Jiaofu’s meeting with the goddess having broken promise, I was disconsolate, hesitating for a moment. And then I collected my composure and held myself up with propriety and righteousness.
【原文】
于是洛灵感焉，徙倚彷徨，神光离合，乍阴乍阳。竦轻躯以鹤立，若将飞而未翔，践椒涂之郁烈，步蘅薄而流芳。超长吟以永慕兮，声哀厉而弥长。尔乃众灵杂沓，命俦啸侣。或戏清流，或翔神渚，或采明珠，或拾翠羽。从南湘之二妃，携汉滨之游女。叹匏瓜之无匹兮，咏牵牛之独处。扬轻袿之猗靡兮，翳修袖以延伫。体迅飞凫，飘忽若神。凌波微步，罗袜生尘。动无常则，若危若安；进止难期，若往若还。转眄流精，光润玉颜。含辞未吐，气若幽兰。华容婀娜，令我忘餐。
【双语译】
这时洛神深受感动，低头徘徊，神光时离时合，忽明忽暗。她像鹤立般地耸起轻盈的躯体，如将飞而未翔；又踏着充满花椒浓香的小道，走过杜蘅草丛而使芳气流动。忽又怅然长吟以表示深沉的思慕，声音哀惋而悠长。
At this time, the goddess was deeply moved, with head lowered, walking back and forth divine light, from time to time, flickering and fading. She lifted her light body like a crane, seemly about to fly; Then she walked through a road full of fragrant Chinese prickly ash, making fragrant air flowing through duheng grass. Suddenly, she sang with a sigh of deep longing, her voice long and sad.
于是众神纷至杂沓，呼朋引类，有的戏嬉于清澈的水流，有的飞翔于神异的小渚，有的在采集明珠，有的在俯拾翠鸟的羽毛。
So other gods mingled, calling for friends. Some were playing in clear water, some flying in mysterious bar, some others gathering pearls, and still some others picking up kingfisher feathers.
洛神身旁跟着娥皇、女英南湘二妃，她手挽汉水之神，为瓠瓜星的无偶而叹息，为牵牛星的独处而哀咏。时而扬起随风飘动的上衣，用长袖蔽光远眺，久久伫立；时而又身体轻捷如飞凫，飘忽游移无定。她在水波上行走，罗袜溅起的水沫如同尘埃。
The goddess was accompanied by Empress Two and Princess Ying of Southern Hunan. Holding water god in her arms, she sighed for bottle gourd with no partner and lamented the solitude of the Altair. Sometimes she raised jacket fluttering in wind, and with long sleeves to shade the light, stood for a long time, looking far into the distance; Sometimes her body as light as wings, she was aimlessly wandering. She walked on waves, with foams splashed from her stockings like dust.
她动止没有规律，像危急又像安闲；进退难以预知，像离开又像回返。她双目流转光亮，容颜焕发泽润，话未出口，却已气香如兰。她的体貌婀娜多姿，令我看了饭菜不思。
She moved or stayed in an irregular way, as if in danger or at rest; Going back and forth was unpredictable, she seemed to leave or to return. Her eyes were bright, her face radiant, and before words were spoken, her breath was as fragrant as orchid. Her appearance so graceful made me forget food.
【原文】
于是屏翳收风，川后静波，冯夷鸣鼓，女娲清歌。腾文鱼以警乘，鸣玉鸾以偕逝，六龙俨其齐首，载云车之容裔。鲸鲵踊而夹毂，水禽翔而为卫。于是越北沚，过南冈，纡素领，回清阳，动朱唇以徐言，陈交接之大纲。恨人神之道殊兮，怨盛年之莫当，抗罗袂以掩涕兮，泪流襟之浪浪。悼良会之永绝兮，哀一逝而异乡，无微情以效爱兮，献江南之明珰。虽潜处于太阴，长寄心于君王。忽不悟其所舍，怅神宵而蔽光。
【双语译】
在这时风神屏翳收敛了晚风，水神川后止息了波涛，冯夷击响了神鼓，女娲发出清泠的歌声。飞腾的文鱼警卫着洛神的车乘，众神随着叮当作响的玉鸾一齐离去。
At this time wind god Ping Yi converged the night wind, water god Chan Ho stopped waves, Feng Yi beat god drum, Nu Wa sang a clear and cool song. Flying fish guarded Luo goddess’ chariot, all the gods leaving together with chariot jades tinkling.
六龙齐头并进，驾着云车从容前行。鲸鲵腾跃在车驾两旁，水禽绕翔护卫。车乘走过北面的沙洲，越过南面的山冈，洛神转动白洁的脖颈，回过清秀的眉目，朱唇微启，缓缓地陈诉着往来交接的纲要。只怨恨人神有别，彼此虽然都处在盛年而无法如愿以偿。
Six dragons were going neck to neck, driving cloud carts ahead calmly. Whale salamanders were prancing on both sides of chariot, waterfowls flying around on guard. The chariot team went over the sandbar in the north and across the hill in the south. The Luo goddess turned her clean and white neck, her looking back with her delicate eyebrows, slightly opening her red lips, and slowly describing the outline of the exchange and shift. Only with resentment towards the difference between god and human , we, though both in our prime, were unable to fulfill our wishes.
说着不禁举起罗袖掩面而泣，止不住泪水涟涟沾湿了衣襟，哀念欢乐的相会就此永绝，如今一别身处两地，不曾以细微的柔情来表达爱慕之心，只能赠以明珰作为永久的纪念。
When speaking, she lifted up her sleeve to cover her face full of tears, soaking her skirts. A sad and happy meeting should never occur again, now, far apart from each other. With no little tender expression of affection, only an Ear Ming Dang could be given as a lasting memorial.
自己虽然深处太阴，却时时怀念着君王。洛神说毕忽然不知去处，我为众灵一时消失隐去光彩而深感惆怅。
I, though deep in Tai-yen, was all time missing Lord. Luo goddess, when having finished speaking, was suddenly out of sight, unknown where to have gone, and I felt deeply melancholy for a moment when all immortals had lost their luster.
【原文】
于是背下陵高，足往神留，遗情想像，顾望怀愁。冀灵体之复形，御轻舟而上溯。浮长川而忘反，思绵绵而增慕，夜耿耿而不寐，沾繁霜而至曙。命仆夫而就驾，吾将归乎东路，揽騑辔以抗策，怅盘桓而不能去。
【双语译】
于是我舍低登高，脚步虽移，心神却仍留在原地。余情绻缱，不时想象着相会的情景和洛神的容貌；回首顾盼，更是愁绪萦怀。
So I turned low and ascended high; Though my steps were removed, my spirit remained where it was. From time to time, I fancied the meeting and the face of Luo goddess; When looking back, I was even sadder.
满心希望洛神能再次出现，就不顾一切地驾着轻舟逆流而上。行舟于悠长的洛水以至忘了回归，思恋之情却绵绵不断，越来越强，以至整夜心绪难平无法入睡，身上沾满了浓霜直至天明。
Desperate to see the goddess again, I sailed recklessly a light boat against the current, sailing on the long Luo River and forgetting to return, The longing grew stronger and stronger, and kept me awake all night. When morning, I found myself covered with thick frost.
我不得已命仆夫备马就车，踏上向东回返的道路，但当手执马缰，举鞭欲策之时，却又怅然若失，徘徊依恋，无法离去。
I had to order my men to get horses and chariot fixed and set out on the journey eastward. But when with reins in hand, the whip raised, I, with a sense of loss and wandering attachment, was unable to leave.
译者：马书田
