随着新冠疫苗的批准上市,面对新冠肺炎疫情的肆虐,大家也许可以适当放松一下紧绷的神经。然而多方研究数据显示该病毒的存在多种变异和二次感染病例。如此面对COVID-19,也许需要强大而持久的免疫力才能保护宿主免受继发感染。这无疑对新冠疫苗的研发也提出了挑战。面对肆虐的疫情,面对紧急使用的疫苗,也许随着时间的延长,一些科学的东西才能逐渐明朗。

近日,首都医科大学曾辉,张福杰,陈晨及香港科技大学吴若昊共同通讯在National Science Review 在线发表题为“COVID-19 reinfection in the presence of neutralizing antibodies”的研究论文,该研究从273名COVID-19患者中,根据临床,系统发育,病毒学,血清学和流行病学数据确定了6例患者再感染。

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在第二次感染期间,该研究观察到了COVID-19症状的再次出现,CT图像上出现新的肺部病变,病毒载量增加以及继发的体液免疫反应。两次发作之间的间隔为19到57天,这表明康复后的患者可能发生COVID-19再感染。更重要的是,不仅在初次感染后免疫力不足的患者中还会发生再感染,而且中和抗体水平可测量的患者也会发生再感染。该信息将有助于实施适当的公共卫生和社会措施,以控制COVID-19,并为疫苗开发提供信息。

图1:6名再次感染COVID-19患者的时间表(图源自National Science Review )

在其他一些国家或地区,也发现了SARS-CoV-2二次感染的案例研究。然而,需要更多的证据来区分真正再感染与由于残留病毒RNA造成的假阳性PCR结果以及与原发感染的复发之间的区别。在对273例患者的研究中,报告了6个再感染病例。在六名患者中的五名中,病毒基因组测序结果显示在第二次感染的为已经突变的SARS-CoV-2病毒。这些发现对公共卫生政策决策以及指导疗效评估和疫苗开发具有重要意义。

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图2:六名患者的SARS-CoV-2 RBD抗体滴度动态和对参考SARS-CoV-2和D614变体活病毒的中和活性(图源自National Science Review )

附文献信息:

DOI:10.1093/nsr/nwab006

Abstract:

In the face of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), strong and long-lasting immunity is required to protect the host from secondary infections. Recent studies revealed potential inadequacy of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in some convalescent patients, raising serious concerns about COVID-19 reinfection. Here, from 273 COVID-19 patients, we identified six reinfections based on clinical, phylogenetic, virological, serological, and epidemiological data.

During the second episode, we observed re-emergence of COVID-19 symptoms, new pulmonary lesions on CT images, increased viral load, and secondary humoral immune responses. The interval between the two episodes ranged from 19 to 57 days, indicating COVID-19 reinfections could occur after a short recovery period in convalescent patients. More importantly, reinfection occurred not only in patients with inadequate immunity after the primary infection, but also in patients with measurable levels of neutralizing antibodies. This information will aid the implementation of appropriate public health and social measures to control COVID-19, as well as inform vaccine development.

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本期编辑:hantavirus