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今天外刊精讲直播的文章来自《经济学人》的——Why caste still matters in Indian politics.Narendra Modi must rethink his approach to Hinduism’s social hierarchy
世界上没有任何一种阶层制度能够像印度种姓制度那样顽固的保留三千多年，而且不用惊讶，在现代科学中，它确实是一个重要的社会管理科学中的社会治理体系。今天的印度，已然是世界经济大国，排在美中日德法英的后面第七位，而且计算机科学异常发达。哪怕是这样的印度，今天依然深受种姓制度的影响。
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Why caste still matters in Indian politics.Narendra Modi must rethink his approach to Hinduism’s social hierarchy.
✅翻译：为什么种姓制度在印度政治中仍然很重要，莫迪必须重新思考他对印度教社会等级制度的态度
重点词汇：hierarchy n. /ˈhaɪərɑːki/
a system, especially in a society or an organization, in which people are organized into different levels of importance from highest to lowest等级制度（尤指社会或组织）
• the social/political hierarchy 社会╱政治等级制度
例句：She's quite high up in the management hierarchy.
她位居管理层要职。
Narendra Modi, India’s prime minister, made several costly miscalculations in this year’s general election. He overestimated his own popularity. He underestimated the extent of economic angst, especially about under-employment and inflation. And he relied excessively on Hindu nationalism to mobilise voters from the nation’s religious majority. But perhaps his most telling error was to mishandle what is still the most important fault line in Indian society: caste.
✅翻译：印度总理莫迪在今年的大选中做出了几个代价高昂的错误判断。他高估了自己的受欢迎程度。也低估了经济焦虑的程度，尤其是对就业不足和通货膨胀的焦虑。他过分依赖印度教民族主义来动员全国宗教多数群体的选民。但他最显著的错误也许是没有处理好印度社会中仍然存在的最重要的断层：种姓。
重点词汇：
overestimate v. /ˌoʊvərˈestɪmeɪt/
to estimate sth to be larger, better, more important, etc. than it really is高估
例句：They overestimated his ability when they promoted him.
他们提拔他的时候高估了他的能力。
例句：The importance of these findings cannot be overestimated (= is very great) .
这些发现的重要性是无法充分估量的。
重点词汇：angst n. /æŋst/
strong worry and unhappiness, especially about personal problems （尤指对私人问题的）焦虑，烦忧
例句：All my children went through a period of late-adolescent angst.
我所有的孩子在青春期后期都经历过一段焦虑不安的时光。
Mr Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) ran a campaign that sought to unite every tier of Hinduism’s centuries-old caste system, under which adherents are ranked by birth in a strict hierarchy, with Brahmins (the priestly caste) at the top and Dalits (formerly known as untouchables) at the bottom. Although a system of quotas has for decades given lower castes preferential access to education, government jobs and some parliamentary seats, discrimination against them is endemic and often violent.
✅翻译：莫迪领导的印度人民党（BJP）在竞选活动中试图将印度教数百年历史的种姓制度中的每一层种姓联合起来，根据该制度，教徒按出身划分为严格的等级，婆罗门（祭司种姓）位于顶层，达利特人（以前被称为贱民）位于最底层。尽管几十年来，配额制度使低种姓在接受教育、获得政府工作和一些议会席位方面享有优先权，但对他们的歧视仍然普遍存在，而且经常是暴力性的。
重点词汇：adherent n./ədˈhɪərənt/
An adherent is someone who holds a particular belief or supports a particular person or group. 拥护者
例句：This idea is gaining adherents.
这个想法正得到拥护者的支持。
重点词汇：parliamentary adj. /ˌpɑːrləˈmentri/
connected with a parliament; having a parliament议会的；国会的；设有议会的
• parliamentary elections议会选举
• a parliamentary democracy 议会民主政体
种姓制度自从在印度建立起来之后，一直非常稳固的存在于印度社会中，一方面是由于历史的悠久、信教人数的绝对优势，另一方面是历来的统治者在无法消除的情况下往往也会选择利用这一制度，来维护自己的统治。直到甘地四处巡回演讲包括印度独立后的新宪法，再加上现代科学对于轮回的不攻自破作用，种姓制度才在印度表现的不那么严重，但不可否认，它依然是印度最基本的底色，而且几乎看不到消弭的可能。
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