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词数：366 words
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本期推送2023年《经济学人》合集资源
每期《经济学人》包含五种格式：
➯mp3➯pdf➯mobi
➯epub➯azw3
获取资源：2023合集：
「2023年度经济学人.rar」来自UC网盘分享（尽快保存，避免失效）
https://drive.uc.cn/s/e6603511c3cd4
上期划线句答案
By taking small, manageable steps (i.e., changing your behavior) and shifting how you think about yourself (i.e., changing your thoughts), youcan startan upward trajectory that ends in lasting personality change.
通过采取一些小的、可控的做法(比如，改变你的行为)，并且改变你自己对自己的看法(比如，改变你的想法)，你可以打开一个向上的通道，最终实现永久的个性改变。
本期内容
双语阅读
01
High-temperaturesuperconductivityis one of theholy grailsof physics. It also seems to attract a steady stream of controversy, with a recentstring ofretractedpapers andprovocativeclaims that haven’theld up to scrutiny.
高温超导性是物理学的一座圣杯。它似乎也招致了一系列稳定不断的争议，最近有一系列未能经受住仔细审查的被撤回的论文和煽动性的说法。
1.holy grails
圣杯；圣盘
2.string of
一串，一系列：表示一连串或一系列相似或相关的事物。
3.retracted
美 [rɪˈtræktɪd]
adj. 可伸缩的
4.provocative
英 [prəˈvɒkətɪv] 美 [prəˈvɑːkətɪv]
adj. 挑衅的，煽动性的；挑逗的，激发性欲的；引发思考的，启发性的
n. 刺激物，挑拨物
5.hold up toscrutiny
经得起审查：指某事物或某人的行为、言论等能够经得起严格的审查和检验，不会被揭露出问题或瑕疵。
6.superconductivity
英 [ˌsuːpəˌkɒndʌkˈtɪvəti; ˌsjuːpəˌkɒndʌkˈtɪvəti] 美 [ˌsuːpərˌkɑːndʌkˈtɪvəti]
n. 超导电性
02
Superconductivity is the name physicists give to an unusual phenomenon in which a material is able to conduct electricity with noresistance. While the effect has been known for more than a century, so far superconductivity has only been found to occur at incredibly low temperatures. And in the few cases where it’s been achieved at anything approaching thebalminessof a winter’s day in Antarctica, it’s requiredmind-bogglinglyhigh pressure comparable to the pressure deep in the Earth’s core.
超导是物理学家对一种无电阻导电材料的特殊现象的称呼。虽然一个世纪以前，人们就已经知道存在这种效应，但迄今为止，人们只在极低的温度下发现过超导现象。在极少数情况下，在接近南极洲和煦的冬日的温度时，需要与地核深处压力相当的极高的高压才会出现这种现象。
1.resistance
英 [rɪˈzɪstəns] 美 [rɪˈzɪstəns]
n. 反对，抵制；抵抗，反抗；抵抗力，免疫力；阻力；电阻；（敌占区的）秘密抵抗组织
2.balminess
英 [ˈbɑːminəs] 美 [ˈbɑːmɪnɪs]
n. 芳香；爽快
3.mind-bogglingly
令人难以置信地
03
The stakes are enormous: If superconductors worked at anything close to room temperature, it could lead to everything fromlevitating trainsand improved MRI scanners to better energy storage devices and more efficient electronicsin general. Perhaps because of that potential, the field hasspawneda great deal ofhype, often accompanied by disappointment.
其中的利害关系是巨大的：如果超导材料能够在接近室温的条件下生效，它可能会带来悬浮列车、优化的核磁共振扫描仪、更好的能量存储设备和更高效的电子产品等各方各面的好处。也许正是因为这些潜力，这个领域催生了大量的炒作，但往往也伴随着失望。
1.levitating train
悬浮列车
2.in general
通常，一般来说
3.spawned
英 [spɔːnd] 美 [spɔːnd]
v. 引起（spawn 的过去分词）；孵出
4.hype
英 [haɪp] 美 [haɪp]
n. 大肆的宣传广告，炒作；（为做广告而进行的）欺骗； <非正式> 皮下注射针，皮下注射； <非正式> 有毒瘾者
v. （通过传媒）大肆宣传；使（人）兴奋，使（人）活跃
04
Could some of the controversy be avoided if scientists were more open in terms of making their methods and data available for scrutiny? I think there are a few reasons why there is controversy. First of all, making sure that you are reporting something that is a superconductor and not just a metal with strange properties, can in some cases be very difficult. So in the case of thehydrides, for example, it was really hard to show that they do indeedexpela magnetic field — that they exhibit what is known as the Meissner Effect — just because of the way that the experiments are performed indiamond anvil cellsthat have a lot of magnetic material. So it’s just experimentally difficult, in that case, to actually 100 percent prove that what you have is a superconductor.
如果科学家们在公开他们的方法和数据以供审查时更加开放，是否可以避免一些争议？我认为存在争议有几个原因。首先，你需要确保报告中的东西是超导体，而不仅仅是一种具有奇怪性质的金属，这在某些情况下是非常困难的。翻译划线句，在文末留言打卡，答案下期公布~所以在这个情况下，要100%证明你得到的是超导体，从实验角度上来说很难做。
1.hydride
英 [ˈhaɪdraɪd] 美 [ˈhaɪˌdraɪd]
n. [无化] 氢化物
2.expel
英 [ɪkˈspel] 美 [ɪkˈspel]
v. 把……开除（或除名）；驱逐；排出（空气、水、气体等）
3.diamond anvil cells
美 [ˈdaɪmənd ˈænvɪl sel]
金刚石压腔（将两颗单晶金刚石作为对顶砧头，能够产生超过 364 × 109 Pa 压力（相当于地心处的压力））。
05
Of course, there are other issues about reporting all data and making sure that researchershave access toit. But, there are issues about fraud, and then there are issues about not being able to prove something 100 percent correctly at that given time because of experimental limitations, which are two separate issues.
当然，在报告所有数据并确保研究人员能够访问这些数据上，还有一些其他问题。但是，关于学术欺诈问题，还有由于实验限制无法在给定的时间内100%验证一件事，这是两个独立的问题。
1.have access to
能够到达或进入某个地方：具有使用某物或接触某人的权利或机会。
本文节选自：Scientific American（科学美国人）
发布时间：2024.02.04
作者：MATERIALS SCIENCE
原文标题：Why Is Superconductivity Research Plagued by Controversy?
写作句总结
原句：Could some of the controversy be avoided if scientists were more open in terms of making their methods and data available for scrutiny?
结构：Could X be avoided if Y were Z in terms of doing A?
例句：Could some of the misunderstandings be avoided if individuals were more open-minded in terms of listening to different perspectives?
阅读理解题
What is the author's attitude towards the importance of open access to methods and data in the field of high-temperature superconductivity?
A) The author believes that open access to methods and data can significantly reduce controversy in the field.
B) The author thinks that open access to methods and data is unnecessary for proving high-temperature superconductivity.
C) The author suggests that open access to methods and data can lead to more fraud in the field.
D) The author argues that open access to methods and data is hindered by experimental limitations.
A正确。D项错误， open access is hindered by these limitations没有依据。
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